The Inter Professional Practice In Social Work Social Work Essay Essay Example

The Inter Professional Practice In Social Work Social Work Essay Paper This essay will sketch and explicate why inter professional collaborative pattern in societal work is of import. It will besides analyze cardinal factors that help or impede effectual inter professional collaborative pattern. It will explicate why it is of import that professionals work together and efficaciously as a squad and the effects that can happen when professionals fail to join forces successfully. There has been a great trade of political and professional force per unit areas for the development of inter professional collaborative pattern. From the late 1990 s onwards there were huge sums of official paperss to advance the importance of collaborative working within the wellness and societal attention sector. The 1998 societal services White Paper Modernising Social Services ( DoH, 1998 ) and The NHS Plan ( 2000 ) devoted full chapters to the topic. It has been argued that inter professional working has advanced farther in relation to services for older people than it has in relation to kids and households. The Green Paper Every Child Matters ( DfES 2003 ) recognised this and one of the chief elements of this paper focused that improved coaction was required so as non to reiterate the tragic events of the Victoria Climbie instance ( this instance will be discussed in farther item later in the essay ) . Government acknowledgment suggests that many societal jobs can non be effica ciously addressed by any given administration moving in isolation from others. That is, when professionals work together efficaciously they provide a better service to the complex demands of the most vulnerable people in society. Inter professional collaborative pattern involves complex interactions between a scope of different professionals and is when professionals work together as a squad to make reciprocally negotiated ends through agreed programs. It is a partnership that can be defined as a formal understanding between the different professions who agree to work together in chase of common ends. Collaborative is defined as seting that partnership into operation or into pattern. It involves the different professions working together and utilizing their ain single accomplishments alternatively of working in opposite waies to run into the demands of peculiar service users. It is suggested that when societal workers and other professions work collaboratively the service user gets a better trade. Willing engagement ( Henneman et al, 1995, cited in Barrett et Al, 2005, p.19 ) and a high degree of motive ( Molyneux, 2001, cited in Barrett et Al, p.19 ) have been stated as critical facets of effectual inter professional coaction. We will write a custom essay sample on The Inter Professional Practice In Social Work Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Inter Professional Practice In Social Work Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Inter Professional Practice In Social Work Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Social workers have certain ethical duties to society that they must follow and this comes in the signifier of The British Association of Social Work ( BASW ) Code of Ethics and the National Occupational Standards for societal workers. The Code of Ethics follow five basic values, Human Dignity and Worth, Social Justice, Service to Humanity, Integrity and Competence whilst the National Occupational Standards outline the criterions of behavior and pattern to which all societal workers should adhere to. Whilst working in coaction with other professionals, societal workers should follow these Codes and Standards to guarantee that the best possible result is achieved for the service user. In the past inter professional collaborative pattern has been hard with many disadvantages and that this has caused jobs between the different professions involved. This has in the yesteryear led to catastrophic calamities as in the instance of Victoria Climbie. Shared answerability is of import for effectual coaction and all professionals should be accountable. Each profession should back up one another, non be seen as ego interested and that no one profession is higher than another. Some of the jobs that can happen are when there is non a logical distribution of power. Unequal power distribution can be oppressive ( Payne, 2000, cited in Barrett et Al, 2005, p.23 ) and can restrict engagement for some group members. Struggles for power are rooted in professional tradition and societal difference. It is believed by some critics of societal work that social workers have frequently been located in scenes where they were considered as subsidiary to other more established professional g roups ( Brewer and Lait, 1980, cited in Wilson et Al, 2008, p.401 ) . Traditionally there have been troubles within the medical profession and Cooke et Al, ( 2001, cited in Barrett et Al, 2005, p.23 ) suggests that general practicians felt threatened by a redistribution of power and had jobs allowing spells of their traditionally held power base . Social work in the yesteryear has been described as a semi profession and similar to nursing and instruction and non comparable to the learned profession of medical specialty or jurisprudence as it does non hold the needed characteristics of those professions ( Freidson 1994 ) . Payne ( 2000 cited in Barrett et Al, 2005, p.23 ) identifies this as people s capacity to acquire what they want . Power in inter professional collaborative pattern should be shared and distributed and no hierarchy of power should be. If some professionals see themselves as more powerful than another they are non run intoing the demands of the service user. Bei ng territorial and non sharing information and cognition has long been a job in inter professional collaborative pattern. Molyneux ( 2001, cited in Barrett et Al, 2005, p20 ) found that professionals who were confident in their ain function were able to work flexibly across professional boundaries without experiencing covetous or threatened . Professional maturity was an look used by Laidler ( 1991, cited in Barratt et Al, 2005, p.20 ) to depict professionals who were confident in their ain function to portion information and communicate efficaciously with other professionals. These professionals do non experience territorial about releasing their cognition and apprehension to farther enhance good inter professional collaborative pattern. Stapleton ( 1998, cited in Barrett et Al, 2005, p.20 ) suggests that a combination of personal and professional assurance enables persons to asseverate their ain positions and dispute the point of views of others . Open and honest communicating is a critical and likely one of the most of import facets of inter professional collaborative pattern. It requires professionals to take into history each other s positions, be respectful, dignified and to listen to each other without being extremely critical of one another. Constructive unfavorable judgment demands to be undertaken aboard constructive suggestions and encouragement and should take topographic point at a clip when other professionals are receptive. Active hearing is an of import accomplishment. To be able to recognize and react to what is being communicated is a cardinal accomplishment. Professionals working collaboratively should show this verbally and nonverbally to each other. This is greatly helped if all concerned put aside the typical stereotyping of each other s professions in order to hear and listen to what the talker is stating. Keeping good oculus contact and holding good organic structure linguistic communication is merely eve ry bit of import. It is estimated that about two-thirds of communicating is non-verbal, i.e. something is communicated through body linguistic communication by a organic structure motion, a position, an inflexion in the voice ( Birdwhistell, 1970, cited in Wilson, 2008, p.297 ) . A dislocation in communicating and the deficiency of sharing of information between the professions in the yesteryear have been major weaknesss in inter professional collaborative pattern for illustration in high profile kid protection enquiries and this has led to tragic effects. Effective systems of communicating and cognizing what information should be shared are indispensable non merely between the professions but besides between the service users. Trust, common regard and support are cardinal characteristics to bury professional collaborative pattern. Trust was highlighted by many professionals as one of the most of import factors in successful coaction. When trust is absent professionals may experience uncomfortable and insecure in their function and this in bend can take to defensive behavior to antagonize their insecurities. Stapleton ( 1998, cited in Barratt et Al, 2005, p.22 ) suggests that trust develops through repeated positive inter professional experience and develops bit by bit over a period of clip . Trust can non be gained overnight so it is of import for professionals working collaboratively to give one another clip for trust to develop. When professionals feel valued, they feel respected. This can be achieved by actively listening to each other and holding an penetration into one another s professions. Conflict between the professions can hold a immense impact on the different professionals and service users. Loxley ( 1997, cited in Barrett et Al, 2005, p.24 ) suggests that struggle is interwoven with collaborative pattern . To antagonize some of the jobs associated with struggle it may be good to all concerned to organize land regulations. These land regulations could travel some manner to forestall and assist the direction of struggle and could include ; unfastened treatment and the duty to be able to give each other honorable feedback. Most significantly these land regulations need to profit all parties involved. A great trade of accent is placed on societal workers to critically reflect their pattern. It literally means that societal workers reflect on their pattern before, during and after, believing through undertakings carefully. Other professionals may non make this in line with societal workers beliefs of critical contemplation or in the same manner or see that contemplation on their ain pattern is an of import facet of successful inter professional collaborative pattern. To exemplify the above points a pattern illustration will now be explained. The enquiry into the decease of 10 twelvemonth old Victoria Climbie highlights the black effects when communicating in inter professional collaborative pattern fails. This child decease instance was fraught with communicating dislocations across the scope of professionals associated with the instance. In Lord Laming s study ( 2003 ) he draws attending to and illustrates deficiency of communicating as one of the cardinal issues. Victoria Climbie was failed by a system that was put into topographic point to protect her. Professionals failed in this protection by non pass oning with each other or with Victoria herself. One of the unfavorable judgments in the Laming Report ( 2003 ) was that none of the professionals involved in the instance spoke to Victoria about her life or how she was experiencing and suggests that even basic service user engagement was absent. There was an chance which is highlighted in his s tudy that a societal worker missed an chance to pass on with Victoria by make up ones minding non to see or talk to her while she was in infirmary. It could be argued that if basic degrees of communicating with Victoria herself had been implemented, so more could hold been achieved to protect her. It was non merely a deficiency of communicating with Victoria herself but a deficiency of communicating between the professions that were investigated in the Laming Report ( 2003 ) . Communication is every bit of import between the service user and the different professional organic structures. Professionals are less effectual on their clients behalf if they can non pass on exactly and persuasively . ( Clark, 2000, cited in Trevithick, 2009, p.117 ) . For successful inter professional collaborative pattern to work a combination of personal and professional accomplishments are required, together with competent communications accomplishments to enable the different professions to dispute t he positions of others. Recommendation 37 of the Laming Report ( 2003 ) states The preparation of societal workers must fit them with the assurance to oppugn the sentiment of professionals in other bureaus when carry oning their ain appraisal of the demands of the kid . On at least one juncture, this did non go on when a societal worker did non dispute a medical statement which turned out to be professionally wrong which in bend led to the tragic eventual decease of Victoria. Had the societal worker challenged the medical sentiment in this case so it could be argued that more efficient communicating and less confusion in the instance may hold saved Victoria. Alan Milburn ( Hansard 28 January 2003, column 740, cited in Wilson et Al, 2008, p.474 ) , the so Secretary of State commented when presenting the Children Bill in the Commons that Victoria demands services that worked together and that down the old ages inquiry after enquiry has called for better communicating and better co-o rdination . Communication lies at the bosom of high quality and successful inter professional pattern and Victoria is merely one instance of when there is a deficiency of communicating between the professionals and the annihilating effects that can originate. In decision, successful inter professional collaborative pattern has many elements and all these different elements require that the different professions follow them. Although inter professional working pattern has been around for many old ages and is non new, it still needs to be continued, developed and incorporated into the day-to-day work of all professions. When wellness and societal attention professionals from different subjects genuinely understand each other s functions, duties and challenges, the potency of inter professional collaborative pattern could be to the full realised and many of the barriers alleviated, giving a more successful result to the service user.

How to Get Started in Your Career After Graduating College

How to Get Started in Your Career After Graduating College After graduating college, building a career isn’t an easy thing to do. And when you’re just starting out, it’s hard to hone the kind of perspective one gains over the course of a long career. If you’ve ever wished you could get the wisdom of a work life well lived before you have to live through all of it and earn that wisdom by making a ton of mistakes, then look no further. Here are 10 career strategies everyone just starting out should know. So save yourself the heartache and the hard lessons, and just skip to the growth and success part.1.  Only you can advocate for yourself.You may think you just have to keep your head down and wait for the promotions and raises and career opportunities to happen to you, but you should realize early and keep in mind that the planning and execution of your career is ultimately your responsibility and no one else’s. Remember: you are in the driver’s seat. Stop assuming and start asserting earlier than yo u think you’d need to.2. Find your meaning.It’s no coincidence that the word â€Å"meaning† includes the word â€Å"me.† Only you can set yourself on a career path that means something to you and includes work that you find important and fulfilling. Now is the time to make the choices that will determine how much you love your work. Remember that stability, security, and income matter, but professional fulfillment matters so much more. Ward off burn-out and unhappiness now by choosing something you care about and worrying less about the outside benefits. Let your priorities dictate the course of what you do.3. Caring will bring about success.When we’re invested in what we’re doing, we end up doing better work. Once you’ve picked something you like, make sure to keep learning and keep yourself interested, because it will mean that you devote yourself to tasks with more care and attention. You’ll get more done, and better.4. Bad situations don’t get better.If you’ve landed yourself in a situation with a toxic boss or a dysfunctional work environment, know when to say enough is enough. Get the courage up to take a leap into something better, and trust that everything else will sort itself out once you do.5. Be your best in times of crisis.Your true character just might be best revealed when the chips are down and the situation is most dire. Keep this in mind in times of crisis. Figure out how you’ll show up when the going gets tough, and set a tone for the kind of person and employee you’ll be throughout your life. You never know when you might deeply impress the right observer in a position to change the course of your career.6. Don’t be selfish.Skyrocketing to success- or even climbing slow but steady- is one thing. But don’t forget that you’re not the only one in the world wanting to move upwards. Sometimes the rise is even sweeter when you help somebody el se up with you. Pay it forward and look out for people other than yourself.7. Embrace originality.Don’t be arrogant, but don’t leave your uniqueness and originality under a bushel. Speak up, voice your ideas, speak your passion. You won’t get anywhere by sitting in the background. Have the guts to take the risk and put yourself out there in the world.8. Aim to do the right thing.Don’t just do what you think you have to do to succeed. Stand up for what you know is right. Comport yourself with integrity. Take the extra time and energy to riddle out what the best and most honest thing would be and devote yourself to doing it. It’s called integrity- and it doesn’t suffer puncture wounds. It’s worth building and maintaining, and can become one of your most precious assets.9. Not taking risks is the biggest risk.You have to have skin in the game to win the game. A ship in the port may seem safe, but isn’t. Ships are meant to sail. So get your little boat out there and see what you can do. Learn from your mistakes and find a way to be magnificent, rather than mediocre.10. Leave something better behind you.A legacy can be a beautiful thing. It’s never too early to think about the kind of mark you’d like to leave on the world. When your life and career are over, what sort of things do you want to hear said about your contribution? What kind of imprint do you want to leave behind? Start thinking how to shape your legacy while you have your whole career before you. Just think what you could accomplish if you put your mind to it.

Analysis of the Firm and Competitive Advantage Essay

Analysis of the Firm and Competitive Advantage - Essay Example It is a series of activities (i.e. a production process) that constitutes a chain creating and building value. The summation of these generated values is called the total value performed by an organization ("Value Chain Analysis"). It is "full range of activities that are required to bring a product from its conception to its end use and beyond" (qtd. in "Basic Concepts"). A value chain is divided into two parts: primary activities and support activities. The former is a collection of essential activities (e.g. inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, service) that builds up the actual production process of a product, while the latter activities (e.g. procurement, technology development, human resources management, and firm infrastructure) bolsters the former, ensuring its effectiveness and productivity ("Value Chain Analysis"). The performers of these activities may be found in a single firm or in various firms in different countries. Global value chains is an internationalization of the production process wherein different countries act as participants in the various stages of production of a particular good. Under this operational system, quality and efficiency of production is optimized since the site of a specific stage of production is in a place where it is done in the most efficient and most economical way ("Global Value Chains"). The modern day textile industry is among those that heavily rely on the global value chain to subsist. With the proliferation of branded and designer clothes, the clothing industry has become a sought-after commodity that requires the specialization of different countries to produce a quality product that satisfies the discriminating preferences of its consumers. Belonging to the buyer-driven type of global value chain, "those wherein large retailers, marketers, and branded manufacturers play pivotal roles in setting up decentralized production networks in various exporting countries." (qtd. in Gereffi and Memedovic 5); the developing countries, which mainly constitutes the exporting countries under this set-up, have a great opportunity in participating in the global business scene. One of the countries that maximize its competency in textile global value chains is China. Endowed with lush flora used as raw materials for producing cloth and populated by hundreds of millions of workforce that receives one of the lowest wage rates in the world, China has definitely an edge in producing textiles and apparels. Statistics have proven that they are indeed the world's top apparel exporter, producing $39.2b worth of apparel in the year 2000, which comprises 14.5% of all her export items. With all these advantages in their favor, Chinese textile firms really have competitive advantage over American companies (Gereffi and Memedovic 29). The Esquel Group, one of China's leading producers of premium cotton shirts, exhibits this competitiveness as against US firms. Though cotton is also grown on American soil, efficiency and economy propels the success of Chinese firms, particularly of Esquel Group. The Esquel Group's Global Value Chain The Esquel Group manufactures clothing for well-known and highly esteemed global brands such as Tommy Hilfiger, Hugo Boss, Brooks Brothers, Abercrombie and Fitch, Nike, Land's End, and Muji. They also supply

Conversion&Commitment to New Religious Movements & Cults Research Paper

Conversion&Commitment to New Religious Movements & Cults - Research Paper Example .all religions involve ceremonials practiced collectively by believers which normally occur in special places - churches, temples or ceremonial grounds. The existence of collective ceremonial is usually regarded by sociologists as one of the main factors distinguishing religion from magic..." "...resembles a sect, but has different emphases. It is the most loosely knit of all religious organizations, being composed of individuals who reject what they see as the values of outside society. Their focus is on individual experience, bringing like-minded individuals together. People do not formally join a cult, but rather follow particular theories or prescribed ways...Like sects, cults quite often form around an inspirational leader.". The cult form of religious organization is significantly different from other forms in that religious experience tends to be highly individualistic and varies considerably with the individuals personal experiences and interpretations. A cult tends to be a very loose knit social group (and probably hardly qualifies as an organization in the accepted sense of the word) that collects around a set of common themes, beliefs or interests. Cults, for the above reasons, tend to be highly individualistic and lacking in formal organizational structures (clerical hierarchies, meeting places and so forth). The followers of a cult tend to resemble consumers rather than members, since there is rarely any formal joining mechanism; people who are interested in a particular cult theme (spiritualism, transcendental meditation and so forth) are encouraged to buy into the cult to varying degrees (TM, for example, sells a number of stages to spiritual enlightenment that the consumer can buy as and when they want to). Cults are tolerant of dissenting views. Since they rarely possess anything akin to a priesthood whose role is to interpret the word of God for their followers, discussion, argument and

Economic Effects of Minimum Wage Fixation Essay

Economic Effects of Minimum Wage Fixation - Essay Example On the other hand, the efficiency wage model of labor observes that increasing the wages for the workers will motivate them to work even harder, while increasing their fear of losing their jobs which are well paying (Ehrenberg and Smith, 94). This boosts the morale of the workers and make them highly motivated while undertaking their duties, an aspect that increases their productivity, and by extension, the productivity of the firm and the whole industry. This way, more employment is created, since improved productivity comes with increased opportunities (Ehrenberg and Smith, 378). Thus, according to the efficiency wage model, fixing the minimum wage, to a level higher than the competitive wage level, will promote productivity and discourage labor turnover, thus increase employment. Therefore, assuming the employment will continue rising as it has happened since June 2009, the empirical researchers need to face the following issues, to distinguish the correlation between minimum wage and employment rates, from the causal effect of minimum wage on employment. First, the empirical researchers should understand the issue of market operations, whereby different types of markets will give different results, when it comes to the relationship between minimum wage and employment. For example, an open competitive market will give different results, compared to a monopsony market, when it comes to the correlation between minimum wage and employment (Ehrenberg and Smith, 112). Secondly, the researchers need to understand the nature of the movement of the wages and the maximum level attainable in minimum wage fixation, before the correlation between the minimum wage and the employment changes from...This essay critically review the impacts of the introduction of the theoretic concept of minimum wage fixation into the real economy. This concept has had double impacts on employment and the economy at large. While the main idea behind fixing minimum wage that workers should b e paid is to make the lives of the workers better, through affording them a substantial income, it may affect the same workers, especially those with low skills negatively According to the standard competitive model of labor, fixing a minimum wage has the impact of increasing unemployment, through he creation of involuntary unemployment, where individuals can continuously apply concerted efforts o seek for a job but find none The case is different according to the Monopsony model of labor, which holds that the fixation of minimum wages has the effect of increasing employment, most especially when the wage is being increased from levels lower than the competitive wage, to reach the competitive wage levels On the other hand, the efficiency wage model of labor observes that increasing the wages for the workers will motivate them to work even harder, while increasing their fear of losing their jobs which are well paying The minimum wage can only go high, up to the competitive wage level, after which it will start having negative impacts. An increase in wage level from levels lower than the competitive levels has the impact of boosting the morale of the workers and increasing their levels of motivation, thus increasing their productivity, and consequently that of the firms

Secure Data Retrieval Based on Hybrid Encryption

Secure Data Retrieval Based on Hybrid Encryption SECURE DATA RETRIEVAL BASED ON HYBRID ENCRYPTION FOR DISRUPTION-TOLERANT NETWORK Kollipara Durgesh, Dr.P. Sriramya I. ABSTRACT Military network is one of the most important network in any country but this network mostly suffers from intermittent network connectivity because of the hostile region and the battlefield. To solve the network problem faced by the military network we use Disruption-tolerant network (DTN) technologies which is widely becoming the successful solution. This technology allows the people to communicate with each other to access the confidential data even in the worst network by storing the data in the storage node. Some of the most challenging issues in this scenario are the enforcement of authorization policies and the policies update for secure data retrieval. Two types of encryption are used for the security. The two algorithms are Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Java Simplified Encryption (Jasypt). These two algorithms are combined to provide the secure data which is even more difficult to decrypt the confidential data by unauthorized people. In this paper, we propose a secur e data retrieval scheme by generating a new secret key each time when the user sends a secure data to the destination, this proposed method enhances the security of the confidential data. We demonstrate how to apply the proposed mechanism to securely and efficiently manage the confidential data distributed in the disruption-tolerant network. Keywords: Disruption-tolerant network (DTN), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Java Simplified Encryption (Jasypt), secure data retrieval II. INTRODUCTION In most of the military network it is very difficult for the soldiers and majors to communicate with each other because of the  difficult network environment and even if there is no proper to end-to-end connection between the sender and the receiver. Disruption-tolerant network (DTN) are widely used in the networks were there is no proper end-to-end connection between the sender and the receiver. In this paper we choose DTN to communicate between the soldiers and the others. Initially, if the end-to-end connection is missing between the source and destination pair the data from the source node has to wait until the network is recovered in the intermediate node which can be easily hacked by the third party user hence to solve this critical problem we use storage node which is introduced in the Disruption-tolerant network where in only the authorized users can access the respective data. Most military data are said to very confidential and hence we use confidential access control methods that are cryptographically enforced. Here we provide different access services for different users that is the admin decides in who access the data based on the respective designation of the users. The registration of the user is completed only if the admin accepts and verifies the users’ account to be valid but if the user is not authorized he will not be allowed to access the data in spite of the registration. For example if the â€Å"user 1† sends a data to the â€Å"user 2† the data will be encrypted by combining two algorithms such as AES and Jasypt and the resulted data will be encrypted and stored in the storage node where even if there is no end-to-end connection between the source and the destination pair the data will be secured in the storage which can be accessed by the respective authorized person. 111. ALGORITHM A. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm is used in this paper to provide secure data retrieval scheme. AES algorithm is chosen to be used in this paper because it is said to be more secured which supports most of the secure retrieval scheme. This algorithm is considered to be more secured because it is more widely used by the U.S. government to protect classified information and is implemented in hardware and software throughout the world to encrypt secure and confidential data. AES comprises three block ciphers, AES-128, AES-192 and AES-256. Each cipher encrypts and decrypts data in blocks of 128  bits  using cryptographic keys of 128-, 192- and 256-bits, respectively. (Rijndael was designed to handle additional block sizes and key lengths, but the functionality was not adopted in AES.) Symmetric or secret-key ciphers use the same key for encrypting and decrypting, so both the sender and the receiver must know and use the same  secret key. All key lengths are deemed sufficient to protect classified information up to the Secret level with Top Secret information requiring either 192- or 256-bit key lengths. There are 10 rounds for 128-bit keys, 12 rounds for 192-bit keys, and 14 rounds for 256-bit keys a round consists of several processing steps that include substitution, transposition and mixing of the input  plain text  and transform it into the final output of  cipher text. Various researchers have published attacks against reduced-round versions of the Advanced Encryption Standard, and a research paper published in 2011 demonstrated that using a technique called a biclique attack could recover AES keys faster than a brute-force attack by a factor of between three and five, depending on the cipher version. Even this attack, though, does not threaten the practical use of AES due to its high computational complexity. In this paper AES is used along with the DTN technologies because of the many security and privacy challenges. Since some users may change their associated attributes at some point (for example, moving their region), or some private keys might be compromised, key revocation (or update) for each attribute is necessary in order to make systems secure. For example, if a user joins or leaves an attribute group, the associated attribute key should be changed and redistributed to all the other members in the group. B. Java Simplified Encryption (Jasypt) The other algorithm used in this paper is Java Simplified Encryption (Jasypt), it is chosen for the hybrid encryption for a full secured mode to provide secure data retrieval of confidential data. This algorithm is combined with the AES algorithm to provide hybrid encryption. The final challenge in this paper is to provide a new secret key each time a user sends a secret data to the receiver. The secret key generated is unique and it generates a new key each time, which is even more secured for the secure data retrieval. The admin plays a vital role here to manage the overall source and destination pair but the admin is not authorized to access the information because the secret key is generated automatically which is sent to the receiver’s personal account which is not managed by the admin. Fig 1. Architecture of secure data retrieval in Disruption Tolerant Network (DTN) IV. EXISTING SYSTEM The existing system comprises a concept of attribute-based encryption (ABE) is a promising approach that fulfills the requirements for secure data retrieval in DTNs. ABE features a mechanism that enables an access control over encrypted data using access policies and ascribed attributes among private keys and ciphertexts. Especially, ciphertext-policy ABE (CP-ABE) provides a scalable way of encrypting data such that the encryptor defines the attribute set that the decryptor needs to possess in order to decrypt the ciphertext. Thus, different users are allowed to decrypt different pieces of data per the security policy. The problem of applying the ABE to DTNs introduces several security and privacy challenges. Since some users may change their associated attributes at some point (for example, moving their region), or some private keys might be compromised, key revocation (or update) for each attribute is necessary in order to make systems secure. However, this issue is even more difficult, especially in ABE systems, since each attribute is conceivably shared by multiple users (henceforth, we refer to such a collection of users as an attribute group). V. PROPOSED SYSTEM In the proposed system we use hybrid encryption by combining two algorithms and hence we enhance the security of confidential data. Here the admin keeps in track of all the users account hence even if the attribute of the particular user is changed, the admin makes the notification of the changes. Thus, the disadvantages of the existing system is solved. Unauthorized users who do not have enough credentials satisfying the access policy should be deterred from accessing the plain data in the storage node. In addition, unauthorized access from the storage node or key authorities should be also prevented. If multiple users collude, they may be able to decrypt a ciphertext by combining their attributes even if each of the users cannot decrypt the ciphertext alone. VI. MODULES Key Authorities module The key generation module generates secret key where the hybrid encryption occurs using AES and Jasypt algorithm. This key generation is very efficient because it combines the two encryption and produces the secret code. In this paper to increase the security of the military network, the secret key generated by the hybrid encryption is sent to the users personal email id, so that even the admin who manages the entire network will not be able to access the confidential data. Storage node module In the storage node module, the data from the sender is stored even when there is no stable network between the sender and the receiver since, we use Disruption Tolerant Network (DTN). The storage node consists of the encrypted data where only the corresponding receiver can access the respective data. To access the data from the storage node the receiver has to specify the secret code which is generated by the hybrid encryption and is secretly mailed to the receiver. Sender module The sender module is the one who holds the confidential data and wishes to store them into the external data storage node for ease of sharing or for reliable delivery to users in the extreme networking environments. A sender is responsible for defining (attribute based) access policy and enforcing it on its own data by encrypting the data under the policy before storing it to the storage node. Fig 2. Hybrid Encryption of secret message User Module This the last module which tends to access the confidential data from the sender which is stored in the storage node. The receiver has to provide the correct secret key which will be sent to his corresponding mail id. If a user possesses a set of attributes satisfying the access policy of the encrypted data defined by the sender, and is not revoked in any of the attributes, then he will be able to decrypt the cipher text and obtain the data. VII. CONCLUSION DTN technologies are becoming successful which allows for the communication between devices which do not have stable network and hence this can be more efficiently used in the military network. AES and Jasypt are scalable cryptographic solution to the access control and secure data retrieval. In this paper we proposed efficient data retrieval method using hybrid encryption by combining two algorithms. The encrypted data is then stored in the storage node which can be accessed only by the corresponding user by providing the respective secret key. In addition admin monitors all the attributes of the users which allows fine-grained key revocation for each attribute group. We demonstrate how to apply the proposed mechanism to securely and efficiently manage the confidential data distributed in the disruption-tolerant military network. VIII. REFERENCES [1] J. Burgess, B. Gallagher, D. Jensen, and B. N. Levine, â€Å"Maxprop: Routing for vehicle-based disruption tolerant networks,† in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 2006, pp. 1–11. [2] M. Chuah andP.Yang,â€Å"Nodedensity-basedadaptiveroutingscheme for disruption tolerant networks,† in Proc. IEEE MILCOM, 2006, pp. 1–6. [3] M. M. B. Tariq, M. Ammar, and E. Zequra, â€Å"Mesage ferry route design for sparse ad hoc networks with mobile nodes,† in Proc. ACM MobiHoc, 2006, pp. 37–48. 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When Marco First Appears, Miller Describes Him as a Square-built Essay

When Marco First Appears, Miller Describes Him as a Square-built peasant of thirty-two, suspicious, tender and quiet voiced.In the Light of Marco's Role in the Play, How Helpful Do You Find this Introduction to Him? When considering this question, it is necessary to somewhat challenge it; to whom is Miller's description meant to be helpful? As "A View From the Bridge" is a play, and therefore presented to an audience, we must presume that the description's intended use is to instruct an actor developing his character which is to be conveyed to an audience. Marco's role becomes more important throughout the play. In fact, his role assumes a certain duality. In one respect, he is the victim of Eddie's betrayal; he declares: "That one! [Eddie] He killed my children." In another respect, he is employed by Miller as a tool in the finality of Eddie's fate as his murderer. This increasing significance of Marco's role is not at first glance anticipated by Miller's introductory description as physically he appears to the audience as rather solid and the simplicity of the physical description helps to establish Marco as an initially somewhat simple character. However, the instructions that refer to Marco's emotions are more complex; "suspicious" and "tender"might appear contrasting, especially when juxtaposed contextually. However, with a Sicilian male typical attitude, they seem more compatible. Marco is reduced to tears at the prospect of sending his family money, and later will commit the arguably transgress act of murdering a man who had been his host, so acute is his anger on behalf of his starving, dependent family: "My wife- My wife- I want to send right away maybe twenty dollars." Marco almost ... ...ene is seen as a good man who is in charge of his family, and Marco, a "simple" Sicilian, who just came to America and was invited into the family by Eddie himself, is very exciting for the audience. It is therefore obvious in this scene that Marco is "suspicious" of Eddie. Furthermore, Marco's role as the tool Miller uses for Eddie's downfall, could not occur if Marco was not "suspicious". In conclusion, Miller's introductory description is only helpful to a limited degree both because of the nature of the text (it is a play) and because Marco will endure such great betrayals that they will change his character and actions. However, Miller gives the audience ideas about what sort of man Miller is describing, enabling the audience to anticipate the contrasts he may be serving to accentuate, such as the difference in attitudes between Rodolpho and Marco.